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GLYCOCARDIA

BIOMARKER THERAPEUTIC

AIDE

Arterez'   diagnostics involve the use of biomarkers to diagnose and assess the risk for cardiovascular disease, which are important aspects in clinical decision making and setting therapeutic strategies, including the use of biomarkers to monitor the efficacy of therapeutics that target the endothelial glycocalyx and/or inflammation to treat vascular diseases, particularly thromboembolism.

Introducing GlycoCardia

Introducing GlycoCardia

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The primary prevention of CVD is dependent upon the ability to identify high-risk individuals long before the development of overt events. This highlights the need for biomarkers and accurate diagnosis. Despite an overwhelming number of individual biomarkers reported on cardiovascular disease, no one biomarker is found to be reliable in predicting or diagnosing a cardiovascular event.

 

The glycocalyx is an endothelial surface layer which lines the epithelial cells of the vascular system, protecting epithelial cells from vascular flow shear stress, coagulants and platelets, and leukocyte-cell interactions. Glycoproteins component of glycocalyx function as receptors on the cell surface, such as selectins, integrins, and members of the immunoglobulin superfamily; these are weaved into the net of the endothelial glycocalyx. Also, the endothelial surface layer consists of secreted proteoglycans (eg, versican and perlecan) and their adsorbed plasma proteins (eg, orosomucoid and albumin). Together with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and plasma proteins, the endothelial surface layer as a whole forms a dynamic barrier to circulating cells and soluble biologic macromolecules.

The Glycocalyx is key to assessing, preventing and/or treating plaque formation leading to coronary heart disease (CHD).  The glycocalyx is now recognized as a key structure for maintaining vascular wall integrity.  Disruption or a decrease in thickness can result in chronic vascular disease; for example chronic stagnant blood flow, common in bifurcated sections of the arteries, triggers glycocalyx shedding and plaque formation.  When damaged, the glycocalyx sheds three components: syndecans, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronan.  Coincident to shedding is the release of plasminogen activator inhibitor–1 which is a potent inhibitor of fibrinolysis8.  Disturbance of the glycocalyx marks early stages of various clinical pathophysiologies including thrombus formation and atherscloerosis.

 

Companion and stand-alone diagnostic

 

GlycoCardia™ can be used twofold: 1) as a companion diagnostic for Embotricin™, or 2) ‘stand-alone’ diagnostic to monitor or evaluate the traditional symptom-targeted therapies for their ability to restore glycocalyx (hyaluronan, heparan, syndecan), clotting potential (PAI-1), mitigate hypertension, heart failure, stroke, and CAD. The latter presents an immediate market for GlycoCardia™.

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   Highlights

(a) Provides specific information concerning the associated pathology and risk factors for the CVD family.

 

(b) Unique and proprietary blood test algorithm.

 

(c) Adoptable ELISA test structure; utilizes existing equipment found in both acute and chronic care settings.

 

(d) Proved to predict onset of clot and production of plaques in tested animals.

 

(e) Currently no diagnostic test available providing patient specific information concerning the pathology or the absolute risk factors for the family of CV Diseases. 

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